Военно-морская академия США
Военно-морская академия США
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Annotation
The article deals with the topic of Naval Academy of the USA. This is a governmental elite institution, which teacher officers for the military and marine forces of the country. It is an institution with a great, long and difficult history. It was established after the WW II and has dealt with numerous changes within this period. However, the education there is free, only a small part of all, who want to enter it, get this chance. The Academy own a great territory, where everything is made for the comfortable and profitable education of students. Moreover, the territory is popular by tourists at the weekends, who are free to visit it and see everything from the inside. The institution is peculiar about the rules of entrance and education, which differ from that in other universities. The institution is respected in any other country of the world. Officers, graduated from the Academy, became a part of military forces of the USA.
General information and history of creation
The United States Naval Academy is a military academy where officers are trained for the US Navy and the Marine Corps. The Academy is located in the city of Annapolis - a city with a long and rich history. The Academy is the main attraction of the city, so many tourists come here just to visit the academy, as well as take a walk with over the city and explore its sights.
This educational institution is the most prestigious in the country. Here the entire elite of the country is trained, and according to the level of prestige it can compared to the level of Princeton or Duke University. It is somehow a symbol of the prestige of the country's naval forces, symbolizing the outstanding history of the fleet, as it often took part in many of the largest military conflicts.
Students and graduates of the Academy are not only the best in the country in terms of prestige, but they are the best among all the armed forces of the country. In addition, the building itself and the territory of the academy look great and admirable - it is not comparable to any other educational institution.
Obviously, since the prestige of the academy is very high, the requirements and the level of training are aimed at maintaining this prestige, so here it is possible to learn for only the best of the best. Each year, about 10% of students are screened out because of the high level of education and training. It is noteworthy that the Academy is one of several educational institutions, where education is free. Foreign citizens can also come here on the same terms.
The foundation date of the Academy was October 10, 1845. The founder is the naval minister of the country George Bancroft. In the year of opening, only 50 people were trained at the school, with only 7 members of the teaching staff working with them. Students were trained in such subjects as chemistry, English and French, and natural philosophy. During the American-Mexican War, the Academy issued 90 naval officers. Five years later the Academy had its own uniform, as well as the first training ship.
The academy experienced a hard time during the Civil War. Then 400 graduates were involved in the fleet of the Union, 95 in the Confederation fleet, 23 died while performing military duties. Then the academy was forced to evacuate to Newport, returning it back only in 1865.
After those events, the affairs of the Academy went smoothly, it expanded, built buildings, introduced new items for training, expanded the list of specialties. Now the institution was preparing soldiers not only for the fleet, but also for the marine forces. Over time, the importance and influence of the academy grew, especially after major military conflicts. In the 20th century, the Academy was able to build its own first airfield, expand the buildings even more, and later it was possible to assign the title of bachelor to students.
Interesting facts from the history of the academy:
• 1941 - for the first time training was conducted and 3319 reserve officers were issued.
• 1949 - the first black student was graduated.
• In 1945, women were allowed to study.
In total, since the foundation of the Academy until now, the Academy has participated in more than 270 naval conflicts, in most of which the fleet have been used.
The motto of the Academy - Do not give up the ship!
Year after year the academy built its history. On its way there were many difficulties, but with experience they were all successfully overcome. The glory of the academy goes far beyond the country, and now it is difficult to find a person in any corner of the world who would not know about the existence of such an institution, its high level and prestige
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. It is afraid of, respected and admired. Such glory was deserved for years, and such a result is achieved only through continuous hard work.
You can talk endlessly about the history of the Academy, its cadets and the teaching staff. There are many stories related to them. Many of the events are described in detail and stored in the academy halls, so that not only tourists could get acquainted with them at any time, but the cadets do not forget about the place in which they exist.
There is a special spirit in which the essence of the whole nation is reflected. Graduates of the Academy are people, the backbone of the country, on which not only the state, but every individual can rely. This is a round-the-clock defense of the borders of the state, capable of upholding honor and dignity at any time under any circumstances. The state can also provide support during military conflicts to any other country, giving it a clear advantage in strength and intelligence.
Conditions and rules of admission
The recruitment to the academy differs from the introductory campaigns to other educational institutions:
• Every year, applicants for admission are about 4-5 thousand people - guys and girls.
• At the final stage only 1000 - 1500 people are selected for admission. Before the graduation usually about 1000 people are left.
• During studies not only officers are trained, but also specialists in various fields - engineering, mathematical analysis, information technology, political science, physics, medicine.
• The applicant for admission may be a person who receives a recommendation from a senior politician or military. However, this is not a guarantee of enrollment. Each congressman and vice-president has five seats in the academy, for which he can recommend one or more candidates. In addition, there are 170 places for the rank and file of the Marine Corps, active service, 100 places for officers' children, 65 places for military children who were killed in battle or seriously injured.
• Because the studies are very difficult, not everyone is able to finish the academy.
• Citizens of other countries, for example, Turkey, Georgia, Albania, Montenegro, etc., have the right to study at the academy. The conditions of admission for them are the same as for the rest.
• Freshmen are called "plebeians".
• During selection, physical skills, state of health, and English language level (for foreign students) are checked. Further, they are interviewed by a major of the US Army.
• Age of candidates from 17 to 23 years old, not married, without children, for women - no pregnancy, US citizenship.
• Senior students are called patricians.
Older students note that usually the first year is the most difficult. It is very difficult to adjust and take a new rhythm of life, get used to the stresses. The schedule is very dense every day, so there is practically no free time for rest. That's why all junior students are helped by undergraduates - they teach, give advice, check. By the way, this is one of the key moments - the academy lacks hazing, which is a problem in many countries. The meaning of such help is that the younger learn to learn, and the older learn to manage.
As for the teaching staff, there are both civilian and military personnel among them. Civil, in their turn, must necessarily have a scientific degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The military staff have a master's degree.
There are 21 specializations in the Academy. Each student has the right to choose the program individually, because there is no single program. The list of specializations for selection is as follows:
• Aerospace Engineering
•Arabic language
• Chemistry
•Chinese
•Computer science
• Economy
• Electrical engineering
• English Language and Literature
•Engineering
•Natural Sciences
•History
•Information Technology
•Mathematics
• Engineering
• Shipbuilding
• Oceans
• Oceanography
• Physics
• Political science
• Quantitative Economy
• System engineering
The percentage of female students enrolled in the academy is about 20%. Women have no special relationship or indulgence, they are trained on equal terms with men, should be able to do everything, too, and to the same extent. First of all, within the walls of the institution they are soldiers. Unofficially, the Academy has its own traditions. One of them, for example, is initiation to become freshmen. This is a special ritual, without which the student can not be considered a full-fledged student. The essence of the ritual is that first-year students must build a pyramid from their bodies so that they reach the top of one of the monuments on which the cap is worn and knock it down. Also, the cap should be replaced with another hat
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